
To back up and bolster the wealth of original content provided on our Web site, Master Gardeners of Northern Virginia (MGNV) is building a glossary of horticultural and botanical terms supplemented with photographs and diagrams. For background information see The Glossary Project and “Word of the Week.”
Note that on each page: Hyperlinks in green type link to other MGNV glossary words. Click on the hyperlink of a defined word at the top of the page to go directly to the paragraph in which the word first appears. Click on images for enlargements or captions and attributions. On a mobile phone, click on the information symbol ⓘ.
abaxial
cypsela
- abaxial
- achene
- acotyledon
- adaxial
- adventitious root
- aerial root
- aggregate [ AG-ri-git, -geyt ]: see fruit
- alate
- alien
- alternate
- ament
- androdioecious
- androecium
- angiosperm
- annual
- anther
- apical meristem
- apocarpous [ ap-uh-KAHR-puhs ]: see fruit
- appressed [ uh-PREST ]: see pubescent
- arachnoid [ uh-RAK-noid ]: see pubescent
- aril
- axil [ AK-sil ]: see petiole
- axillary [ AK-suh-ler-ee ]: see petiole
- axis
- bark
- barren
- beard [ beerd ]: see signal
- berry
- biennial
- bilabiate
- binomial nomenclature
- bipinnate
- bisexual [ bahy-SEK-shoo-uhl ]: see monoecious
- blade [ bleyd ]:see petiole
- botanical nomenclature
- bract
- bristly [ BRIS-lee ]: see pubescent
- bryophyte
- calyx
- cambium
- canescent [ kuh-NES-uhnt ]: see pubescent
- capitulum
- capsule
- carpel
- catkin
- cauliflory
- ciliate [ SIL-ee-it, -eyt ]: see pubescent
- clasping [ KLAS-ping, KLAH-sping ]: see petiole
- clay
- conifer
- corolla
- corymb, corymbiform, corymbose
- cotyledon
- crest [ krest ]: see signal
- crosier, crozier
- crown [ kroun ]: see rosette
- crustose [ KRUHS-tohs ]: see lichen
- culm
- cultivar
- cupule [ KYOO-pyool ]: see bract
- cuticle
- cyme, cymose
- cymose [ SAHY-mohs, sahy-MOHS ]: see cyme, inflorescence
- cypsela
deciduous
gynoecium
- deciduous
- decumbent
- dehisce, dehiscence, dehiscent
- denticidal
- determinate [ dih-TUR-muh-nit ]: see inflorescence
- dichogamy
- dicotyledon
- dioecious
- disk
- disk floret
- distichous [ DIS-ti-kuhs ]: see cauliflory
- downy [ DOU-nee ]: see pubescent
- drupe
- ectomycorrhiza [ ek-toh-mahy-kuh–RAHY-zuh ]: see mycorrhiza
- ellipsoid
- elliptic
- endocarp
- endomycorrhiza [ en-doh-mahy-kuh–RAHY-zuh ]: see mycorrhiza
- ephemeral
- epicalyx [ ep-i-KEY-liks, -KAL-iks ]: see bract
- epidermis
- epigynous
- etaerio
- ethnobotany
- eudicotyledon
- eukaryotic [ yoo-kar-ee-OT-ik ]: see fungus
- evergreen
- exserted
- exocarp
- fall [ fawl ]: see signal
- fibrous root
- fiddlehead [ FID-l-hed ]: see crosier
- filament
- floret
- flute
- foliose [ FOH-lee-ohs ]: see lichen
- follicle
- frond
- fruit
- fruticose [ FROO-ti-kohs ]: see lichen
- fungus
- galbulus
- glabrous
- glandular [ GLAN-juh-ler ]: see pubescent
- glaucous
- glochid, glochidium
- glume [ gloom ]: see bract
- gymnosperm
- gynodioecious
- gynoecium
heartwood
nutlet
- heartwood
- hermaphroditic [ hur-MAF-ruh-dahyt-ik ]: see monoecious
- hesperidium
- heterotrophic [ het-er-uh-TROF-ik, -TROH-fik]: see fungus
- hirsute [ HUR-soot, hur-SOOT ]: see pubescent
- hispid [ HIS-pid ]: see pubescent
- hoary [ HAWR-ee, HOHR-ee ]: see pubescent
- holdfast
- humus
- hypanthium
- hypha, hyphal
- hypocotyl
- hypogynous
- indehiscent
- indeterminate [ in-di-TUR-muh-nit ]: see inflorescence
- inflorescence
- internode
- invasive
- involucre [ IN-vuh-loo-ker ]: see bract
- knee
- lamina [ LAM-uh-nuh ]: see frond, petiole
- lanate [ LEY-neyt ]: see pubescent
- lanceolate
- larva
- lateral root
- lemma [ LEM-uh ]: see bract
- legume
- lenticel, lenticellate
- lichen
- ligule
- loam
- loculicidal
- loment (aka lomentum)
- lycophyte
- marcescent
- mast
- megasporangium [ meg-uh-spaw-RAN-jee-uhm, -spoh- ]: see sporangium
- megasporophyll [ meg-uh-SPAWR-uh-fil, -SPOHR- ]: see sporangium
- megastrobilus [ meg-uh-stroh-BAHY-luhs ]: see strobilus
- mericarp
- mesocarp
- microsporangium [ mahy-kroh-spaw-RAN-jee-uhm, -spoh- ]: see sporangium, stamen
- microsporophyll [ mahy-kruh-SPAWR-uh-fil, -SPOHR- ]: see sporangium
- microstrobilus [ mahy-kroh-stroh-BAHY-luhs ]: see strobilus
- mildew
- mold
- monocotyledon
- monoecious
- mulch
- multiple [ MUHL-tuh-puhl ]: see fruit
- mushroom
- mycelium
- mycorrhiza, mycorrhizal
- native
- nativar
- node
- non-native
- nut
- nutlet
obovate
pyxis
- obovate
- obovoid
- opposite
- oval
- ovary
- ovate
- ovoid
- palmate
- palea [ PEY-lee-uh ]: see bract
- panicle, panicled, paniculate, paniculiform
- pappus
- parenchyma
- pedicel, pedicellate
- peduncle
- peltate
- pepo
- perennial
- perfect [ PUR-fikt ] (flower): see monoecious
- perfoliate [ per-FOH-lee-it, -eyt ]: see petiole
- perianth
- pericarp
- periderm
- perigynium [ puh-RIJ-uh-nee-uhm ]: see bract, sedge
- perigynous
- persistent
- petal
- petiole, petiolate
- petiolule, petiolulate
- phelloderm
- phloem
- photosynthesis [ foh-tuh-SIN-thuh-sis ]: see vascular bundle
- phototropic, phototropism
- phyllary [ FIL-uh-ree ]: see bract
- phyllotaxis
- pilose [ PAHY-lohs ]: see pubescent
- pinnate
- pinnatifid
- pistil
- pistillate
- plume
- plumule
- plumose
- pome
- polygamodioecious
- poikilohydric [ poi-kil-uh-HAHY-drik ]: see lichen
- poricidal
- primary root
- procumbent
- protandry
- protogyny
- pteridophyte
- pubescent
- pulse
- pyxis
raceme
syncarpous
- raceme, racemose
- rachis
- radicle
- ramentum
- ray floret
- receptacle
- rhizome, rhizomatous
- root
- root cap
- root hair
- rosette, rosulate
- rust
- samara
- sand
- sapwood
- scabrous [ SKAB-ruhs ]: see pubescent
- scale
- schizocarp
- schizocarpous [ skiz-uh-KAHR-puhs, skit-suh– ]: see fruit
- sedge
- semi-evergreen
- sepal
- septicidal
- septifragal
- sessile
- signal
- silicle
- silique
- silt
- simple [ SIM-puhl ]: see fruit
- smut
- snag
- soil
- sonication [ sawn-ĭ-KEY-shuhn ]: see anther
- sorus [ SAWR-uhs, SOHR- ]: see sporangium
- spathe [ speyth ]: see bract
- spermatophyte
- spike
- spikelet
- spine
- sporangium
- sporophyll [ SPAWR-uh-fil, SPOHR- ]: see sporangium
- stamen
- stamen irritability: see stamen
- staminate
- standard [ STAN-derd ]: see signal
- stellate [ STEL-it, -eyt ]: see pubescent
- stem
- stigma
- stipe
- stipule
- stolon, stoloniferous
- strigose [ STRAHYS-gohs ]: see pubescent
- strobilus
- stump
- style
- sub-sessile [ suhb-SES-il, -ahyl ]: see petiole
- sucker
- syncarpous [ sin-KAHR-puhs ]: see fruit
taproot
yeast
- taproot
- tepal
- tomentose [ tuh-MEN-tohs, TOH-muhn-tohs ]: see pubescent
- translocation [ trans-loh-KEY-shuhn, tranz- ]: see vascular bundle
- transpiration [ tran-spuh-REY-shuhn ]: see vascular bundle
- trimorphic
- tripinnate
- twine
- umbel
- umbellate
- umbellet
- umbelliform
- variety
Word meanings and phonetic spellings have been informed by Dictionary.com, Encarta World English Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, and Flora of Virginia, which also was used as a plant species reference. Other sources that may have been consulted for general plant identification and information are included in the list of Sources and References for the Tried and True Native Plant Selections for the Mid-Atlantic. This Glossary was created by Mary Free and Christa Watters, Extension Master Gardeners.

